Asking, and answering, "Where did the gun come from?" can prevent shootings

We ask Where did the gun come from? after every shooting to identify the people who supply guns to criminals. If we can cut off the flow of crime guns at the source, we can save lives.

Welcome to our discussion on how we can stop violence caused with illegal guns. What’s an illegal gun? It’s a gun in the hands of a criminal or youth who is prohibited by law from having one. Did you know most gun crimes are committed by people under the age of 25 who acquired their guns illegally? 5 out of 6 guns recovered in crime were obtained through illegal means. (Braga & Pierce, 2005) If we cut off the supply of guns to criminals and youth, we can save lives.

Let me say right off the bat—we’re NOT trying to take guns away from lawful citizens. In fact, we’d like to clone gun owners who store and maintain guns safely. We’re not targeting YOUR gun, we’re targeting CRIME guns. We want to break down the system of illegal trafficking that provides guns to criminals. We hope you’ll weigh in with your thoughts about how we can keep guns out of the hands of kids and criminals. So many lives depend on us doing this better.

Nancy

February 22, 2008

2 Gun Dealers: A Study in Contrasts

The two stories, excerpted below, portray two very different kinds of gun dealers. One dealer works hard to prevent its guns from ending up in the wrong hands, while the other practically rolls out the red carpet for street traffickers.

As we always remind folks, most gun dealers are upstanding and law-abiding. It's only a minority of corrupt or grossly negligent gun dealers that supply a majority of guns that turn up in crime.

Let's turn up the heat on gun dealers like Kahr Arms, and give a medal to the responsible gun dealers out there. (Send us more stories about gun dealers doing the right thing, and we'll post them.)
Nancy

No inventory, but Joe Gun re-opens
Posted by Dean Bohn | The Saginaw News February 21, 2008 07:53AM

SANFORD -- The Joe Gun firearms store two miles east of Sanford is open for business, although most of the owner's inventory of 200 firearms is locked in the evidence room of the Midland County Sheriff's Department and may remain there for years. Prosecutors will need the weapons as they try to convict seven suspects police arrested in raids in Saginaw and Midland counties this week. Law enforcement officials say the individuals forced open the door to Joe Gun, 152 E. Saginaw, and made off with the cache -- about 130 rifles worth $80,000, 70 handguns valued at $12,000 and "lots" of ammunition.

Store owner Dale R. Furst, 61, and his staff were sweeping up glass from shattered display cases Wednesday, installing new glass and adding measures to guard against break-ins, he said. ..."We're going to beef up our doors," Furst said. "They came in through the fire entrance in the back, and they had to work and work and work on that...." "But when we're done beefing it up this time, they'll have to pull the whole wall down to get in."

Midland County Sheriff Jerry Nielsen said he regrets holding a businessman's stock, but the judicial process dictates he retain the evidence until after the trials and all appeals. "It's possible that he might not get (the firearms) back for years," Nielsen said....

"Even though we don't have them, we're excited they're not in the wrong hands." http://www.mlive.com/business/index.ssf/2008/02/no_inventory_but_joe_gun_reope.html

Money, Guns, and God

by Christopher S. Stewart October 2007 Issue

Inside the apocalyptic—and profitable—gun empire of Justin Moon, the C.E.O. who may someday lead the Unification Church.

On a blustery night in December 1999, Danny Guzman left his house in Worcester, Massachusetts, and headed downtown to Tropigala, his cousin’s nightclub. Tropigala occupied a bunkerlike, one-story brick building on Main South, a street that was home to shuttered storefronts, rooming houses, and a creeping underworld of drug dealing and prostitution, punctuated by the occasional shooting. Despite the upcoming holiday, Tropigala was packed with its usual, mostly Hispanic, crowd, and Guzman, a handsome 26-year-old with a muscular build and deep-olive complexion, settled in with a drink.

Just before 2 a.m., as the club shut down and crowds spilled onto the street, a man named Edwin Novas—a 20-year-old heroin dealer from the Bronx who sported a boyish mustache—started causing a disturbance. Details about what happened are murky, but Guzman was somehow drawn into the scuffle. Novas allegedly drew a 9-millimeter pistol from his waistband and fired, and Guzman was hit. Novas fled, followed by two friends. And at 2:12 a.m. on December 24 at Saint Vincent Hospital, Guzman was pronounced dead.

Four days later, in an empty, weed-choked lot around the corner from Tropigala, a four-year-old child found a loaded 9 millimeter with no serial number. Ballistics linked it to the shooting, and prosecutors, armed with eyewitness reports, accused Novas of murder. Immediately after the killing, his trail went cold, which is how it remains today. Years later, America’s Most Wanted featured the Tropigala murder, describing Novas as the Christmas Eve Killer, but the exposure didn’t help solve the case.

With no one in custody for the murder, investigators turned their attention to the murder weapon, and people in Worcester began whispering about the gun’s local manufacturer, Kahr Arms. We now know that the gun used to kill Danny Guzman was one of dozens that had been either lost or stolen and then sold into the underworld by rogue Kahr Arms employees, at least one of whom was a drug addict. Guzman’s family has since sued Kahr, accusing the company of negligence in connection with his death. A trial is pending. The $2 billion-a-year gun industry is watching the case with trepidation, fearing that a successful suit could prompt other victims’ families to bring similar cases against other gunmakers.

But Kahr Arms is more than just the manufacturer of some of the smallest and most lethal weapons on earth (including the tommy gun, made famous by Al Capone). It is run and mostly owned by a son of the Reverend Sun Myung Moon, the billionaire and self-proclaimed messiah who founded the Unification Church and controls a sprawl of businesses presumably intended to sustain and defend his followers when the world as we know it ends. The gun business, along with food companies, real estate, and other holdings, will serve to protect the fortress and keep sinners at bay, according to former members, as well as supply necessary provisions after the arrival of the new world order....

For a while, no one paid much attention to what went on behind the building’s brick facade. The trouble began when the company hired Mark Cronin to be a gunsmith in March 1999. Cronin was a 28-year-old high-school dropout who lived in the basement of his mother’s house. He had a well-documented crack habit and a history of violence. Not long after he landed a job on the factory floor, he noticed that Kahr had no metal detectors and no visible security cameras. That’s when he started stealing guns and selling them for cocaine.

Cronin smuggled the guns out in pieces. Typically, he said in documents filed in Massachusetts Superior Court, it took him about a week to sneak out enough components for a complete gun. He started with the smallest parts, such as the trigger and springs, which were stored in a plastic 10-drawer cabinet at his workbench. He stuffed the pieces into a ziplock bag, slipped the bag into his pants pocket, and walked out with it at the end of the day. The bigger parts, including the frame and the slide, were snuck out of the factory one at a time. “I just took them home,” he testified, “and built them.”

Cronin’s stolen guns were exceptionally valuable. Having bypassed the serial-number-stamp stage at the factory, they were untraceable, perfect for criminals. Although it’s not clear when Cronin began unloading his wares on the streets, he sold the gun that would kill Danny Guzman sometime in November 1999. It was a 9 millimeter, and the buyer was an old friend named Robert Jachimczyk, a former high-school tennis star who’d recently dropped out of community college. Cronin traded the gun for two half-grams of cocaine, valued at about $80 at the time. Jachimczyk turned around and sold the gun to Edwin Novas, the alleged shooter, for $200 worth of cocaine. Feeling that the relationship had potential, Cronin told Jachimczyk that he stole guns “all the time” and that he “can just walk out with them,” according to the court documents.

The next deal didn’t go down as planned. Several weeks later, Cronin traded Jachimczyk another gun for cocaine—a Kahr .40 caliber without a serial number. As Jachimczyk was on his way to sell it to Novas, police pulled him over, found the gun, and arrested him. Police didn’t make the connection until later. But when Jachimczyk heard about the Christmas Eve murder and the stolen 9-millimeter gun linking him to the crime, he told lawyers, “I shit my pants.”

By the time of the shooting, Kahr was already in the spotlight. Not only did police learn about Cronin’s activities; they discovered that another employee had walked out of the factory with a 9 millimeter and an extra pistol slide and that there were dozens more lost guns. Captain Paul Campbell, a detective for the Worcester police, said that going back more than a year, “as many as 50 weapons manufactured at the plant may be missing.” Campbell also condemned Kahr’s “shoddy” bookkeeping and questioned its security measures. The implication seemed to be that Kahr might as well have been handing out guns to anyone.

Cronin eventually pleaded guilty to federal charges of stealing just two guns, leaving the whereabouts of other missing weapons unresolved. During the year that Cronin worked at Kahr, four or five other company-made guns, all without serial numbers, turned up in connection to local crimes. This means that either Cronin lied to investigators or that there were other people with access to Kahr’s facility who were dealing guns.

Two years later, the lawsuit against Justin Moon and Kahr Arms threatened not only to derail the company but also dredge up stuff the Moon family would rather leave alone. Guzman’s mother hired a scrappy Worcester lawyer named Hector Piñeiro, who had an office within eyeshot of the Tropigala. Soon afterward, the Brady Campaign to Prevent Gun Violence joined the fight. Together, they filed a class-action suit for wrongful death against Kahr, accusing the company of negligence.

At the outset, it seemed like an open-and-shut case: If a gun manufacturer can’t keep track of its wares and has a drug-addict employee stealing and selling its products, shouldn’t that company be held liable? But it’s not that straightforward. While it is illegal for a known drug user to handle guns, no federal law requires gun companies to secure their facilities or track their inventory, except when shipping a completed firearm. “Most gun companies have security set up,” says Daniel Vice, a lawyer for the Brady Campaign. “You can’t really check this, because all but two—Smith & Wesson and Ruger—are private. But I think most believe that it’s not profitable to let guns leave the factory.”

Vice argues that Kahr’s is an exceptional case. It was not simply a question of the company’s bad hiring policies and slipshod security. The argument is that its lax practices created an atmosphere that endangered the Worcester community and resulted in the death of Guzman. The plaintiffs aimed for a settlement in the millions and hoped to make an example out of Kahr. “We have 32 gun homicides every day in this country,” Vice says. “Certainly it is not too much to ask a gunmaker not to hire drug addicts with criminal records to work in its unsecured manufacturing plant.”
Justin went dark. When questions came from the press, he let his attorneys do the talking. Kahr filed to dismiss the case, but the judge refused. For a stretch, things looked bad for Kahr, until Congress, with help from the lobbying power of the N.R.A., intervened. In October 2005, President Bush signed the Protection of Lawful Commerce in Arms Act. A coup for the gun industry, the act protected manufacturers and dealers from liability for crimes committed with their products, saving them from what they described as frivolous lawsuits that threatened to bankrupt them. Kahr filed to dismiss again, citing the new law, but Piñeiro and Vice argued that the law didn’t apply. Most prominently, Vice pointed out that the law only applied to guns “shipped or transported in interstate or foreign commerce” and the murder weapon in this case was manufactured in Worcester and used in Worcester, thus never crossing Massachusetts state lines.

When I ask Chris Cox, the chief lobbyist for the N.R.A., if manufacturers should ever be held accountable for insufficient security measures and poor hiring practices that result in guns being stolen and getting into the hands of criminals, he says, “We’ve been very clear that if a gun manufacturer violates a state or federal law, it should be prosecuted to the fullest extent.”

http://www.portfolio.com/careers/features/2007/09/17/Unification-Church/?TID=rm/goo/Stolen_Guns_And_Murder/Stolen_Guns_And_Murder_CT


January 10, 2008

Finally, some truthiness on the gun issue

Watch as Stephen Colbert tells Mike Huckabee how to finance his campaign--

buy guns in bulk in South Carolina, ship them up to New York, and resell them on the street for big profits.

Huckabee says he's been doing it all along. He should be the richest man on the campaign trail in no time!

http://rackjite.com/

They don't grow on trees, folks

Here’s an example of the Times Ledger asking the right question. It’s not that hard. 20-year-old shooter? He’s legally prohibited from having a gun, so where did the gun come from?

Nancy

01/10/2008

Get the Guns

Two incidents in the last week that occurred in far distant neighborhoods of Queens illustrate the urgent need to get illegal guns off the street.

In the first, 11-year-old Tyshaun Falconer opened the door to his Springfield Gardens home and was shot point blank by a young man in a hooded sweatshirt. Police say the assailant was looking for Tyshaun's 16-year-old brother. They believe that the shooting had something to do with an unnamed girl.

It was any parent's worst nightmare. Tyshaun's near-frantic father said he had told his son many times not to open the door to a stranger. It's probably good advice, but people living in New York City should not be afraid to open their doors. Fortunately, Tyshaun is expected to recover, but it seems clear that the thug at the door wanted to kill him.

The real question is where the alleged assailant, a 20-year-old from nearby Elmont, got his gun. Despite enormous gains by the NYPD and district attorneys in the war against crime, it is still far too easy for young people to get their hands on an illegal weapon.
The police made some headway in the war against guns a few days later when they arrested Suwei Chuang in Flushing and allegedly found an assault rifle in his trunk along with 18 magazine clips in his car. Police then searched Chuang's home, where they reportedly found an automatic machine gun, a shotgun, rifles, combat knives and 20,000 rounds of ammunition. Sources in the NYPD said they don't believe Chuang is a terrorist or a gun nut. They believe he is an arms dealer and they are looking for his clients.

We trust that the district attorney and possibly federal authorities will come down like a ton of bricks on Chuang. And they should. Law enforcement officials must do everything in their power to get guns off the streets and out of the hands of teenage gang members and hot-headed punks.

Those who seek to profit from this violence should expect to spend a large part of their lives behind bars.

http://www.timesledger.com/site/news.cfm?newsid=19186494&BRD=2676&PAG=461&dept_id=542859&rfi=6

December 13, 2007

Idaho Senator not too fond of law enforcement

Does Idaho Senator Larry Craig oppose the confirmation of acting ATF Director Michael Sullivan because Sullivan is just too darn good at his job?

Nancy

Idaho Senators Block ATF Pick
By MATTHEW DALY – 13 hours ago

WASHINGTON (AP) — Idaho's senators are blocking President Bush's nominee to head the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives, saying the agency has become overly aggressive in enforcing gun laws.

Republican Sens. Larry Craig and Mike Crapo placed separate holds on the nomination of federal prosecutor Michael Sullivan, the acting ATF director for more than a year.

Crapo's spokesman, Lindsay Nothern, said the senator's office has heard from a number of gun dealers, gun owners and others in Idaho who "have concerns about ATF policies regarding gun sales and even (gun) ownership. Maybe the federal government is getting a little too aggressive with people who haven't done anything wrong."

Sullivan, who also serves as U.S. attorney in Massachusetts, was nominated by Bush in March. The Senate Judiciary Committee approved his nomination last month.

Under Senate rules, a single senator, sometimes anonymously, can put a hold on legislative action for months.

The ATF had no immediate comment Wednesday.

Crapo met with Sullivan last week and "had some pointed questions," Nothern said. The senator is still waiting for answers, Nothern said.

Sidney Smith, a spokesman for Craig, said the Craig's intention "was not to throw up a permanent roadblock. We were hearing concerns from people in our state about how ATF was working with law-abiding gun dealers on compliance issues."

Craig also met with Sullivan and awaits answers to his questions, Smith said.

The action comes as an Idaho gun shop wages a high-profile battle with the ATF over its right to buy and trade guns.

The ATF stripped the license of Red's Trading Post, in Twin Falls, Idaho, in March after an audit found numerous record-keeping violations over a five-year period.

A federal judge later ruled the agency had exaggerated and omitted some of the findings it used to revoke the license. U.S. District Judge Edward Lodge allowed the gun shop to continue operating until he decides whether the license revocation was legal. The case is pending.

Sullivan, a former GOP state legislator, has been known for a tough stance on drug and gun cases in his tenure as U.S. attorney. One judge criticized him publicly for burdening the federal system with cases that could be handled by state prosecutors.

Associated Press writer Andrew Miga contributed to this report.

December 12, 2007

Tough questions on guns for Rudy and Hillary

The Mayors Against Illegal Guns Coalition has assembled a questionnaire for presidential candidates to find out how committed they are to protecting the 2nd Amendment AND keeping guns out of the hands of criminals, terrorists and youth. How would you answer?
Nancy

An Open Letter to Presidential Candidates

Dear Presidential Candidate:

Mayors Against Illegal Guns is a bi-partisan coalition that began last year with just 15 mayors and has grown to more than 250 mayors from around the country representing 50 million Americans. We are committed to common sense policies that keep guns out of the hands of criminals. This fall, we are asking all the Democratic and Republican candidates for president to answer a few straightforward questions on the issue of illegal guns.

Every day, 30 Americans are murdered with guns - that's a Virginia Tech-sized tragedy occurring every single day in America. The majority of those murders are committed with illegal guns by criminals who under existing laws never should have had access to those weapons in the first place. Across the country the trends are getting worse. According to the FBI, violent crime is up in the last year, and fatal shootings of police officers are up an alarming 40% so far this year.

As mayors, we are on the front lines of the battle against crime and illegal guns. It is mayors who get the calls in the middle of the night when a police officer or a child is shot - and it is mayors who often have to break that news to families. Public safety is our most fundamental responsibility, but the problem of illegal guns stretches across state lines, which is why we have formed this coalition - and why we need support from Washington. That is why we think it is important that you share your views with the mayors in this coalition.

With this letter, we have enclosed a list of questions. These questions cover issues that the coalition has taken formal positions on, such as the "Terror Gap" that prevents the federal government from stopping gun sales to suspected terrorists, and the Tiahrt Amendment restrictions on law enforcement access to gun trace data. The questionnaire also discusses other issues on which the coalition has not taken any formal position, but that many individual mayors in the coalition have raised as topics of interest. We request that every candidate for president reply to these questions by January 2, 2008.

You should know that the Mayors Against Illegal Guns coalition will not endorse a candidate for president. However, your answers will be made available to mayors within the coalition to assist them in their choices. Your answers will also be made available to the general public to inform the debate on these important issues of national concern.

Sincerely,
Mayors Against Illegal Guns

---------------------------------------

ACCESS TO DATA
1. Tiahrt Amendment: In 2004, Congress put in place an appropriations restriction that limits access by local law enforcement, cities, and states to crime gun trace data, which police chiefs say is critical for catching criminals, illegal traffickers, and dealers who break the law. For example, according to ATF, 57% of guns recovered in crimes originate from just 1.2% of gun dealers - yet the Tiahrt Amendment has prevented cities and states from identifying these dealers. Mayors from across the country, 10 national police organizations and 22 state and regional police groups have called on Congress to repeal the Tiahrt Amendment restrictions. As President, would you include the Tiahrt Amendment crime gun trace data restrictions in your budgets for the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives (ATF)?

2. National Instant Criminal Background Check System (NICS) Records: Federal law currently prohibits persons determined to be mentally unstable from purchasing or possessing firearms. As you may know, under this existing prohibition Seung-Hui Cho, the Virginia Tech shooter, was legally prohibited from buying guns. Unfortunately, millions of mental health records are currently missing from the federal NICS background check database. According to the Department of Justice and the nonpartisan congressional Office of Technology Assessment indicate that less than 15% of the "mentally defective" people who should be prevented from having guns under federal law are included in the NICS database. Do you support legislation that seeks to ensure that states provide all mental health and other records of persons already prohibited from buying guns to the federal NICS background check database?

3. Microstamping: In September 2007, California Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger signed legislation to require that all new models of guns manufactured or sold in California include "microstamping" technology starting in 2010. This California legislation was endorsed by the California Police Chiefs' Association, Police Officers Research Association of California, Los Angeles County Police Chiefs' Association, Los Angeles Police Protective League, Orange County Chiefs' and Sheriffs' Association, and 65 individual California police chiefs and sheriffs. Firearms microstamping is a technology that leaves microscopic identifications on shell casings at crime scenes. Do you support legislation that would require new firearms sold in the United States to include microstamping technology?

TOUGHENING PUNISHMENT
4. Illegal Traffickers: Do you support increasing the maximum penalty for illegal gun trafficking crimes from 10 years to 20 years [relating to penalties under 18 U.S.C. §§ 922(d), 924(g), 924(h), and 924(n), consistent with provisions of S.77 (110th Congress)]?

5. Illegal Possession: Do you support increasing the maximum penalty for illegal firearms possession from 10 years to 15 years [relating to penalties under 18 U.S.C. § 922(g)]?

ENFORCEMENT OF FEDERAL LAW
6. "Terror Gap": Six years after 9/11, the federal government lacks the authority to prevent gun sales to suspects on terror watch lists. A 2005 GAO study found that 47 suspected terrorists were able to purchase guns from dealers in just a nine-month period because of this "Terror Gap" in federal laws. Senator Frank Lautenberg (D-NJ) and Representative Peter King (R-NY) have introduced the "Denying Firearms and Explosives to Dangerous Terrorists Act" (S.1237 and H.R.2074) to give the Department of Justice the authority to stop gun sales to terror suspects. The Bush Administration and the Department of Justice have endorsed S.1237 and H.R.2074. As president, would you support passage of legislation to close this Terror Gap in federal laws?

7. Sex Offenders: Every state maintains registries of convicted sex offenders. Right now, under federal law, felony sex offenders are prohibited from purchasing firearms but there are no restrictions on the hundreds of thousands of convicted misdemeanor sex offenders' ability to purchase firearms. Because of the practical difficulties of prosecuting sex crime cases, many defendants are permitted to plead guilty to lesser misdemeanor sex offenses despite the severity of their actual conduct for reasons unrelated to the merits of the case, such as sparing a child from having to testify against a relative or having to testify at all. Therefore, many defendants convicted of a misdemeanor sex offense may pose an equal danger as those convicted of a felony offense. Do you support legislation to bar all convicted sex offenders from purchasing and possessing firearms?

8. "Gun Show Loophole": Currently, individuals are able to sell multiple guns as so-called "private sellers" without conducting background checks on the buyers. This practice is often associated with gun shows. Would you support legislation that would require background checks on these types of sales?

9. Secure Identification for Gun Purchases: In 2013, the federal "Real ID Act" will go into full effect. In order to get into a federal building or to get on a commercial airplane, all persons will have to show secure identification that is compliant with the Real ID Act. However, unless the law is amended, people would not need to show Real ID-compliant identification to buy guns. Requiring gun purchasers to show Real ID-compliant identification could help prevent sales to persons already prohibited from buying firearms, including felons (who might be able to more easily fake non-compliant IDs) and undocumented aliens (who, unless INS has flagged them individually in the background check system, can now buy guns by misrepresenting their status on the background check form). Do you support a change in federal law to require that gun purchasers show Real ID-compliant identification by 2013?

STRENGTHENING ATF ENFORCEMENT
10. Dealer Inventory Sell-offs: Right now, all gun dealers are required to do background checks, but federal law allows dealers who lose their licenses to sell off their entire inventory as so-called "private sellers" without doing any checks at all. These inventory sell-offs reward instead of punish gun dealers who break the law. Do you believe that gun dealers whose licenses have been revoked for selling guns illegally should be allowed to continue selling guns in their inventory without doing background checks?

11. Dealer Inventory Controls: In 2005, during inspections of less than 5% of licensed gun dealers, ATF found that more than 12,000 guns had disappeared from dealer inventories. Right now, these inventory discrepancies typically come to light only during ATF inspections. Do you support a requirement that gun dealers conduct an inventory at least once per year and report any missing guns to ATF?

12. ATF Resources: On average, according to ATF, it inspects a dealer only once every 17 years. ATF has recently announced a goal of inspecting dealers at least once every three years. As president, would you support an increase in ATF's inspection budget to allow it to meet this goal by 2010?

13. Federal Firearms Licensee (FFL) Employee Background Checks: Federal law prohibits felons, drug addicts, the mentally ill, and other prohibited persons from purchasing, possessing, or transferring firearms. However, existing federal law does not require gun dealers to perform background checks to determine whether or not an employee involved in gun sales is a felon or other prohibited person. Do you think that licensed gun dealers should be required to perform background checks on all employees who handle firearms to identify current or prospective employees who may be prohibited from purchasing or possessing firearms themselves?

MILITARY-STYLE ASSAULT WEAPONS
14. Recent local studies suggest that high-powered military weapons are being used more frequently by criminals since the ban on these weapons expired in 2004. For example, in Miami these weapons were used in only 4 fatal shootings in 2004, the year the ban expired. By 2006, these weapons were used to murder 15 people in Miami. Moreover, with fatal shootings of police officers up 40% so far this year, some law enforcement organizations have expressed concern about criminals armed with military-grade weapons. President Bush supports reinstatement of the assault weapons ban. Do you support legislation to prohibit the sale of assault weapons?

LOCAL POLICE FUNDING AND RISING VIOLENT CRIME
15. COPS Funding: A 2005 GAO report estimated that the Community Oriented Policing Services (COPS) program had contributed to a 1.3% decline in the overall crime rate and a 2.5% drop in violent crime from 1993 to 2000. Despite these apparent successes, COPS funding has been substantially curtailed in recent years. What is your opinion of the COPS program and what do you believe is the appropriate funding level for that program?

16. Fighting Violent Crime: In the last year, violent crime is up 1.9% across the country. As president, what measures would you take to stem the rising tide of violent crime across the country, which so many mayors believe is a critical national priority?